What is the trend for the Eswatini energy system?

The overall trend for the Eswatini energy system is clear: de-pendency on electricity imports will remain above 50 % in total electricity production to about 2019, then gradually decrease until 2034 to less than 10 %.

Why is Eswatini a risky importer of electricity?

Eswatini is a net importer of electricity, which poses a risk for energy secu-rity. Electricity prices vary greatly, with much of the variabil-ity reflecting the relative ease of energy supply and the extent to which electricity prices are subject to government control.

Should Eswatini invest in natural gas and biogas?

Natural gas and biogas also should be considered as vi-able options in the future energy mix. Under the business-as-usual pathway to 2034, Eswatini’s de-pendency on fuel and electricity imports remains high, while domestic renewable energy resources remain under-utilised.

How can the Eswatini energy system be used to inform policy?

The Eswatini energy system is modelled for analysing energy technology choices. In view of the close correlation between energy sector policy and technology choices, the model consid-ers how the energy system can be used to inform policy.

What are the domestic resources in Eswatini?

The domestic resources from hydro, wind, solar, biomass and coal are distributed across Eswatini and could provide afford-able and secure supplies of energy and meet the country’s electricity demand. The Domestic Resources scenarios assess the implications of becoming less import-dependent and max-imising the domestically endowed energy resources.

Can natural gas improve energy security and encourage economic development in Eswatini?

Based on the opportunity posed by the natural gas discoveries in Mozambique, there is a need to define areas of co-opera-tion and the role that natural gas can play in improving energy security and encouraging economic development in Eswatini, including in the context of the overarching objectives of the SADC industrialization Strategy Framework.