Is the central temperature of the sun observable?

The central temperature of the sun is not directly observable. To test our ideas, we must build a more complete theory of the sun and compare it to observations. To do this we will need to know how energy moves in the sun, and how it is generated.

What is the temperature of the Sun based on the virial theorem?

4πr2 . Based on the virial theorem and the Sun’s mass and radius, we obtained in Eq. 3.33 an estimate of the Sun’s internal temperature, Tvir 4 ∼ × 106 K. Using this as a typical temperature and taking l = 0.1 cm, we find in reasonable agreement with the observed solar luminosity, L = 3.8 1033 erg s−1.

How close is the inner Solar System to the Sun?

Composed mainly of silicates and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This region is within the frost line, which is a little less than 5 AU from the Sun.

Why are solid objects in the outer Solar System more volatile?

Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles such as water, ammonia, and methane, than planets of the inner Solar System because their lower temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid, without significant sublimation.

How stable is the Solar System?

The Solar System remains in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated, gravitationally bound orbits around the Sun. Although the Solar System has been fairly stable for billions of years, it is technically chaotic, and may eventually be disrupted.

How long will the Solar System last?

The Solar System will remain roughly as it is known today until the hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been entirely converted to helium, which will occur roughly 5 billion years from now. This will mark the end of the Sun's main-sequence life.