How do I choose a lithium-ion battery pack?

When selecting a lithium-ion battery pack, understanding its voltage characteristics is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and longevity. Three key voltage terms define a battery's operation: Nominal Voltage, Charged Voltage, and Cut-Off Voltage.

What should you know about lithium ion batteries?

The most important key parameter you should know in lithium-ion batteries is the nominal voltage. The standard operating voltage of the lithium-ion battery system is called the nominal voltage. For lithium-ion batteries, the nominal voltage is approximately 3.7-volt per cell which is the average voltage during the discharge cycle.

How does a lithium ion battery charge?

During charging, lithium-ion batteries exhibit distinct voltage characteristics that reflect their electrochemical processes. The charging cycle typically follows a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) protocol. Initially, the battery voltage rises steadily as current flows into the cell.

Can a lithium ion battery be overcharged?

For most lithium-ion batteries, the charging voltage peaks at 4.2V, while the cutoff voltage during discharge is typically 3.0V. Exceeding these limits can lead to overheating, capacity loss, or even thermal runaway. To avoid overcharging, use chargers specifically designed for your battery type.

How does voltage affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries?

Voltage significantly impacts the performance of devices that use lithium-ion batteries. Voltage refers to the electrical potential that drives the flow of current in a circuit. In lithium-ion batteries, the nominal voltage typically ranges from 3.2 to 3.7 volts per cell. When voltage levels are optimal, devices operate efficiently and safely.

How does temperature affect lithium ion battery performance?

Temperature significantly impacts lithium-ion battery voltage and overall performance. Operating temperatures between 25°C and 55°C are ideal for maintaining optimal battery voltage. However, extreme heat accelerates degradation, particularly at the LCO cathode, while cold temperatures reduce the state of charge and discharge capacity.